Mar 21, 2017 Learn how to add camera movement in post production to easily enhance your still frame shots.
Overview from above, looking down on the camera panning left and right of the subject
Example of a panning technique photo (shutter speed: 1/80)
In cinematography and photographypanning means swivelling a still or video camera horizontally from a fixed position.This motion is similar to the motion of a person when they turn their head on their neck from left to right. In the resulting image, the view seems to 'pass by' the spectator as new material appears on one side of the screen and exits from the other, although perspective lines reveal that the entire image is seen from a fixed point of view.
The term panning is derived from panorama Sunless skies release date. , suggesting an expansive view that exceeds the gaze, forcing the viewer to turn their head in order to take everything in. Panning, in other words, is a device for gradually revealing and incorporating off-screen space into the image.
Panning should never be confused with tracking or 'travelling,' in which the camera is not just swivelled but is physically displaced left or right, generally by being rolled parallel to its subject.
In video technology, panning refers to the horizontal scrolling of an image wider than the display.
For 3D modeling in computer graphics, panning means moving parallel to the current view plane.[1] In other words, the camera moves perpendicular to the direction it is pointed.
The technique also has limited applications in still photography.
In other disciplines, this motion is called yaw.
Using panning in still photography[edit]
Panning shot of a chicken running, at a slow shutter speed of 1/40 second
Panning of Porsche 996 GT3 RSR, shutter speed is 1/125 second
When photographing a moving subject, the panning technique is achieved by keeping the subject in the same position of the frame for the duration of the exposure. The exposure time must be long enough to allow the background to blur due to the camera movement as the photographer follows the subject in the viewfinder.
The exact length of exposure required will depend on the speed at which the subject is moving, the focal length of the lens and the distance from the subject and background. An F1 car speeding along a straight might allow the photographer to achieve a blurred background at 1/250 second, while the photographer might need to go as slow as 1/40 to achieve the same amount of blur for a picture of a running man.[2]
The faster shutter speed allowed by fast moving subjects are easier to capture in a smoothly panned shot. With slower moving subjects, the risk is that the panning motion will be jerky, and it is also harder to keep the subject in the same position of the frame for the longer period of time.
To aid in capturing panned pictures, photographers use aids such as tripods and monopods, which make it easy to swing the camera along one plane, while keeping it steady in the others.[3]
See also[edit]
References[edit]Brooklyn Effects â Panning And Zooming Tools For Windows
External links[edit]
Media related to Panning at Wikimedia Commons
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Panning_(camera)&oldid=937247994'
The Ken Burns effect is a type of panning and zooming effect used in video production from still imagery. The name derives from extensive use of the technique by American documentarian Ken Burns. The technique, previously known as 'animatics', predates his use of it, but his name has become associated with the effect in much the same way as Alfred Hitchcock is associated with the dolly zoom.[1][2]
The feature enables a widely used technique of embedding still photographs in motion pictures, displayed with slow zooming and panning effects, and fading transitions between frames.
![]() Usage[edit]
The technique is principally used when film or video material is not available. Action is given to still photographs by slowly zooming in on subjects of interest and panning from one subject to another. For example, in a photograph of a baseball team, one might slowly pan across the faces of the players and come to a rest on the player the narrator is discussing. By employing simulated parallax, a two-dimensional image can appear as 3D, with the viewpoint seeming to enter the picture and move among the figures.[3]
The effect can be used as a transition between clips as well. For example, to segue from one person in the story to another, a clip might open with a close-up of one person in a photo, then zoom out so that another person in the photo becomes visible. The zooming and panning across photographs gives the feeling of motion, and keeps the viewer visually engaged.
Brooklyn Effects â Panning And Zooming Tools DownloadOrigins[edit]
Burns has credited documentary filmmaker Jerome Liebling for teaching him how still photographs could be incorporated into documentary films.[4] He has also cited the 1957 National Film Board of Canada documentary City of Gold[5], co-directed by Colin Low and Wolf Koenig, as a prior example of the technique.[6][7][8] Winner of the Palme d'or at the Cannes Film Festival and nominated for an Academy Award,[9]City of Gold used animation camera techniques to slowly pan and zoom across archival still pictures of Canada's Klondike Gold Rush.[10]
Implementation[edit]Brooklyn Effects â Panning And Zooming Tools 2
Demonstration of the Ken Burns effect in video form.
In film editing, the technique may be achieved through the use of a rostrum camera, although today it is more common to use software. Virtually all non-linear editing systems provide a tool to implement this technically simple effect, although only some systems, such as iMovie and Openshot for Linux, specifically call it a Ken Burns Effect; it is usually simply referred to as pan and zoom. Final Cut Pro,[11]Apple TV and Apple's iMovie video editing program include a photo slideshow option labelled 'Ken Burns Effect'.[4]
On the Windows platform, 4K Slideshow Maker by 4KDownload, AVS Video Editor, Windows Movie Maker, Pinnacle Studio, Serif MoviePlus, Avid Media Composer, Sony Vegas Studio (and Movie), Ulead VideoStudio, Adobe Premiere, and PicturesToExe also have pan and zoom features built in or available through third-party extensions which may be used to achieve the effect.
Microsoft Photo Story is a free application that creates videos with both random and customisable Ken Burns Effects automatically from selected images. Downie 4.0.4054. ProShow Gold/Producer from Photodex is a favorite application by still photographers that use this effect to great measure. Another free multiplatform Ken Burns effect application is PhotoFilmStrip.
On the Mac platform, Final Cut Pro, Final Cut Express, iMovie, Adobe Premiere, and others also have the ability. Particularly, Adobe and Apple products (excluding iMovie) allow the user to set keyframes to further customize the process.
The mobile video editing app KineMaster (for Android and iPhone) has 'Ken Burns / Crop and Pan' as the default setting for photo cropping.
The effect is found in a great number of screensavers and slideshows. Apple uses it in their screensavers. Windows PCs can use Greg Stitt's 'MotionPicture' and Gregg Tavares's 'Nostalgic', among others. The effect can also be seen in the N73 smartphone by Nokia, applied to the slideshows the phone creates from the pictures stored in it.[12] Many seventh-generation video game consoles also feature versions of this effect, including Nintendo's Wii Photo Channel, Sony's PlayStation 3 and within the Last.fm app for Xbox 360.
Use by Apple[edit]
Full Ken Burns effect using Apple's iMovie.
Steve Jobs contacted Burns to obtain the filmmaker's permission to use the term 'Ken Burns Effect' for Apple's video production software (the description had been Apple's internal working title while the feature was in development). Burns initially declined, saying that he did not allow his name to be used for commercial purposes. Instead, Burns had Jobs give him some equipment in exchange for permission to use the term in Apple products.[13]
In February 2014, Burns stated in his AMA on Reddit that Steve Jobs 'asked my permission. I said yes. And six billion saved wedding, bar mitzvahs, vacation slideshows later, it's still going. But our attempt to wake the dead relies on a much more nuanced and complicated relationship to the photograph (the DNA of storytelling), as well as the soundtrack.[14]'
Burns says that on occasion, strangers will stop him on the street to enthusiastically describe how they use the Ken Burns Effect on their Apple software or ask him questions. Burns, who writes his speeches longhand and calls himself a 'Luddite', claims not to really understand what these Apple users are telling him and tries his best to make a quick escape.[13][15]
See also[edit]References[edit]
External links[edit]
Retrieved from 'https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ken_Burns_effect&oldid=940304005'
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